The Siege of Urquhart Castle, 1297

Written by Beth Reid

Andrew Moray is an unsung hero of the Scottish Wars of Independence, often overshadowed by his ally, William Wallace. Whilst Wallace inspired rebellion against the English occupation of Scotland in the south-west, Moray led a relentless and carefully executed rebellion in the north-east. Moray’s leadership nearly came to a premature end on the banks of Loch Ness, during his dramatic siege of the iconic Urquhart Castle.

In 1296, Edward I of England effectively ‘conquered’ the Kingdom of Scotland, rendering it a province of England with little autonomy of its own. However, his success was to be short-lived. Less than a year later, rebellion erupted across Scotland against the occupying English administration, with Wallace and Moray leading the way in opposite ends of the kingdom. Moray’s northern rebellion particularly sent shockwaves into the English ranks. As a seasoned knight and the son of a key landholder, he was able to summon his tenants to arms and held the military expertise to lead them in uprising, beginning with the castle of Avoch in the earldom of Ross. Moray posed so great a threat that troops from England were dispatched to the north-east of Scotland, with advice on how to suppress him even sought from Edward I himself.

Photograph by @connormollison

On the 25th of May 1297, a meeting took place at Inverness Castle between lieutenants of the English administration in northern Scotland to discuss the problem of Andrew Moray. In attendance was the constable of Urquhart Castle, Sir William fitz Warin. Urquhart was a strategically important castle for controlling the Great Glen and the northern reaches of the kingdom; fitz Warin would have been aware that Andrew Moray was likely to attempt to seize the castle. The meeting at Inverness may have been a hasty last chance for fitz Warin to prepare for such an attack, but Moray moved quicker than expected. While fitz Warin travelled back to Urquhart after the Inverness meeting, he was ambushed by Moray and his forces. Although fitz Warin managed to escape, the ambush was a chilling reminder of Moray’s increasingly threatening presence to the English administration in the north-east.

Within hours after the ambush, Moray struck. Urquhart Castle was attacked in a daring night-time siege by Moray and his armed rebels, who demanded that fitz Warin surrender the castle. As the two men battled over the castle, an unexpected player in the siege arrived – Euphemia, Countess of Ross. Moray’s rebellion had placed the powerful countess between a rock and a hard place. With her husband a prisoner in the Tower of London, Euphemia had been subtly towing the line as a pro- English northern vassal in the hopes that he would be freed. Since Moray’s rebellion had been such a success in Euphemia’s earldom, doubt over the countess’ loyalties to the English had been raised, thwarting her careful balance of support and putting her husband’s life at greater risk. Arriving at Urquhart in dramatic fashion with her armed retinue, the countess made a great show of mediating between Moray and fitz Warin, without directly acting against either man.

Moray ultimately met his match with the countess of Ross and fitz Warin, and was forced to abandon his unsuccessful siege of Urquhart. This brief failure did not halt him for long, and the summer of 1297 saw Moray wrest control of northern Scotland from the English administration before joining forces with William Wallace at Dundee in September. The siege of Urquhart Castle may have tested him, but Moray’s persistence and bravery saw his success.

Written by Beth Reid

Beth Reid is a Scottish history graduate, currently undertaking an MRes in Historical Research specialising in medieval Scotland. Beth runs a microblog on Instagram and has written for Hidden Scotland, The History Corner, and the Historians Magazine.

The Siege of Urquhart Castle

The Siege of Urquhart Castle, 1297

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